Avoiding equine heat stress

Even though Louisiana had some respite from 90-plus degree days in June and July, summer has definitely roared in for the remainder of August. With the onset of serious heat and humidity, LSU AgCenter equine specialist Neely Walker says horse owners need to take steps to ensure their horses stay cool and comfortable.

Just like humans, horses cool off by sweating, so it’s essential they consume more water on hot days. Walker says horses that are worked in temperatures above 70 degrees can easily consume up to 25 gallons of water a day. So, owners must regularly offer clean water to prevent overheating.

Keeping barns, paddocks and stalls well ventilated is an important part of preventing heat stress. When it’s safe to do so, barn doors and windows should be kept open to allow airflow, and fans can be installed to increase air circulation around horses in stalls.

In the summer, Walker advises owners to pay special attention to protein content of food. Excessive protein can cause additional metabolic heat during digestion. That extra heat makes it more difficult for a horse to cool down.

Crude protein should not exceed 12-14% of the total ration for a working adult horse. The protein content in the ration for an idle mature horse should be closer to 10%.

Horses’ rations also need salt—0.5% for idle mature horses and 1% for working horses daily.

While premixed complete rations contain salt, owners should provide free-choice salt or mineral blocks because each horse’s salt requirement varies. As long as horses have water constantly available, excess salt consumption is not typically a problem.

“Enjoy riding your horse this summer, but make sure to prepare yourself and your horse properly before attempting the beat the heat,” Walker says. “Be aware and take breaks to monitor your horse’s physical condition.”

She suggests riding in a covered arena or in the early morning or evening, when temperatures are cooler, and taking time to properly cool down horses afterward.

Signs of heat stress include weakness, stumbling, increased respiration and a body temperature in the range of 102 to 106 degrees.

If an owner suspects a horse is suffering from heat stress, Walker recommends offering small amounts of water regularly and moving the horse to a shaded, well-ventilated area. If necessary, hose the horse with lukewarm water, starting at the feet and working upward. If the horse’s temperature stays above 106 degrees, contact a veterinarian immediately.

Photo of LSU Stock Horse Team member Michael Martin provided by LSU AgCenter.

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